In the past few decades, natural fibres have shown remarkable achievements in the field of reinforced polymer composites because of environmental issues and petroleum crises. Abstract in recent years, interest has grown in natural fibers as promising materials for a number of applications, particularly in polymer composite materials because they offer a number of advantages such as nontoxicity, ecofriendliness, combustibility, light weight, and low cost. All other chemicals were of reagent grade and were used without puri. Grewia optiva is a small to mediumsized tree reaching a height of 15 m. Grewia optiva drummond ex burret tiliceae is extensively applied for the treatment of typhoid, diarrhea, malaria, etc.
Synthesis and characterizations of silane treated grewia. They concluded that grewia optiva gum mucilage as a cheap. Characterization of grewia optiva mucilage as pharmaceutical excipient 58 jchrdd 201 2vol 3issue paper, diluted to 25 ml with water and the ph was adjusted to 3. Pdf effect of different tree spacings of grewia optiva. The surface 154 morphology of ungrafted and grafted. The bark is dark grey, the bark is dark grey, deeply fissured and scaly in older trees.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. These fibers are relatively inexpensive, easily available from renewable resources, and possess favorable values of. Grewia optiva belongs to the family tiliaceae, having almost 150 species dispersed widely in various parts of the world, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. In this article, the synthesis of natural fiberreinforced phenolformaldehyde pf resin matrixbased polymer composites has been reported. Maaz maqsood hashmi, kanwal waqarnutritional evaluation of grewia optiva and grewia populifolia in different seasons and sites of chakwal district in pakistan european academic research vol. Nursery raised 6065 days old seedlings were transplanted on 25th of march, 2018. Grafted cellulosic fibers, bioresources 72, 20192037.
After proper mixing the curing of samples was carried out at 0c in compression molding machine. Abstract grewia optiva, wonder tree of western himalaya locally known as bhimal is the most common multipurpose tree is a boon for the inhabitants of garhwal himalayan region. The reinforcement materials used are nettle, grewia optiva and sisal fibers in the plain weave form. Flowers white rarely yellowish white, solitary rarely paired on 12 cm long peduncles. Journal of reinforced plastics comparative studies of. Further morphological and structural changes, thermal stability, and the crystallanity of raw, grewia optiva gpolyaac in air, and grewia optiva gpolyaac under mwr fibers were also studied by sem, ftir, tga, and xrd techniques.
Grewia optiva fibers were chopped into 3 mm size and mixed with the known weight of uf resin in a dish. Anticholinesterase, antioxidant potentials, and molecular docking studies of isolated bioactive compounds from grewia optiva wasim ul bari a, muhammad zahoor, alam zeb b, irfan khan, yasir nazirc, ajmal khand, najeeb ur rehmand, riaz ullahe, abdelaat a. Introductory agroforestry with practical pdf book icar. Since not much work has been reported on modification of grewia optiva fiber through the graft copolymerization method, the present work is a comparative study on graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto grewia optiva fiber in air and under the influence of microwave radiation using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator. Natural fiber, grewia optiva, fiber extraction, surface modification. Surface modification of fibers fibers were cut into 3mm size with the help of a me.
For modelling, regression analysis was used to study the relationship between fodder yield dependent variable and other parameters. About 23rd of the cultivated area of garhwal is rainfed and wheat triticum aestivum is the. Mechanical properties tensile, compressive, flexural, and impact properties of all the developed composites have been. This page was last edited on 23 october 2016, at 18. Biodegradable fibres bast, animals hair, stalk, seed etc. Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of grewia optiva fiberpolymer matrix composites. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Chemical constituents and biological screening of grewia. Leaves are ovate and lanceolate, acuminate, base rounded with prominent nerves, margin serrate, stallately hairy on both surfaces. For comparison purposes, polypropylenebased composites using the same fibers have also been developed. During the graft copolymer synthesis diverse reaction parameters that significantly affect the percentage of grafting were optimized. It sheds its leaves during month of marchapril and flowers appear with the new flush of leaves and fruits are formed soon but ripen from octoberdecember depending upon the climate condition of locality.
Grewia optiva in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. From the above studies, the following conclusions have been drawn. One thought on introductory agroforestry with practical pdf book icar ecourse pingback. In the present study, free radical induced graftcopolymerization of natural cellulosic polymers grewia optiva has been carried out to develop the novel materials meant for green composites and many other applications. Among all these mpts, grewia optiva bhimal has established. Formerly, grewia was placed in either the family tiliaceae or the sparrmanniaceae. Microwave radiations induced grafting onto delignified grewia optiva fiber.
Effect of different tree spacings of grewia optiva and. It provides fodder during lean period of winter when there is scarcity of other fodders. Long fiber reinforced composites lfrnf grewia optiva fibers were chopped into 6 mm length and mixed with weighed amount of resin. Similar variations were reported with respect to leaf dimensions and leaf area by wani et al. Shahate,f, and hafiz majid mahmoodg adepartment of chemistry, university of malakand, dir lower, pakistan. Microwave induced synthesis of graft copolymer of binary. Initially optimization of different reaction parameters such as reaction time, microwave power, initiator concentration and monomer concentration was carried out for graft copolymerization of the principal monomer mma onto delignified grewia optiva fiber backbone prior to carry out grafting with a binary mixture under. Economics of cultivationnursery and planting of morus alba and grewia optiva. Pdf characterization of mucilage from grewia optiva as. Abstract the present investigations entitled progeny evaluation of open pollinated seedling seed orchard of grewia optiva drummond were carried out in the research field and laboratory of the department of tree improvement and genetic resources, college of forestry, dr y s parmar university of horticulture and forestry, nauni, solan hp.
Pdf the mucilage from the bark of grewia optiva was isolated by. Grewia optiva fibres with their matrice and the effects of these surface treatments on. The aacgraft copolymerized grewia optiva showed 19. Integration of vigna mungo under grewia optiva based traditional. Pdf morphological variation in the leaves of grewia optiva. Phytochemical screening, using conventional natural products identification tests indicated the presence of different phytoconstituents. A potential natural tablet binder from grewia optiva. Grewia optiva, a plant of northern area of pakistan was screened for the natural products, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities. Phytochemical screening of grewia optiva aerial parts and stem bark is shown in tables 6 and 7, respectively. Nutritional evaluation of grewia optiva and grewia. Grewia optiva, wonder tree of western himalaya locally known as bhimal is the most common multipurpose tree is a boon for the inhabitants of garhwal himalayan region. Bhimal grewia optiva, aerial part, fresh feedipedia. However, these were both not monophyletic with respect to other malvales as already indicated by the uncertainties. Assessment of variability in half sib progenies of grewia.
Studies on the performance of polyester composites. Synthesis and characterization of grewia optiva fiberreinforced pf. Anticholinesterase, antioxidant potentials, and molecular. Synthesis and characterization of short grewia optiva. New reports and host records of rust fungi 75 clavate, mostly incurved and united at the base, thin walled, hyaline, up to 52. Grewia optiva plant grewia optiva is a medium size deciduous tree of 1012 m height which is grown up to an elevation of 2000 m in india. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of the tile plant revealed the presence of tannins. Surface modification of grewia optiva fibers through silane treatment as a simple and convenient method. Productivity of wheat triticum aestivum as intercrop in. Most of the species belonging to genus grewia are reported from india, northern territories of pakistan and bangladesh, south africa, northern australia, china, thailand, madagascar and malaysia. Crown is spreading, bole is clear, m, and about 1 m diameter.
Natural fibers, such as flax, sisal, hibiscus sabdariffa, and grewia optiva go possess good reinforcing capability when properly compounded with polymers. Graft copolymers of natural fibers for green composites. Crude fiber was known by refluxing the sample with 1. Pdf nutritional evaluation of grewia optiva and grewia. It is popularly known as bhimal, bhiunal and bhiuli. Bhimal grewia optiva is a medium sized multipurpose fodder tree growing in subtropical climates of north western himalayas, fairly well. In total, more than 30 models including linear and nonlinear were. Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Welcome to the india biodiversity portal a repository of information designed to harness and disseminate collective intelligence on the biodiversity of the indian subcontinent.
Nutritional evaluation of grewia optiva and grewia populifolia in different seasons and sites of chakwal district in pakistan article pdf available july 2014 with 332 reads how we measure reads. Isolation, pharmacological evaluation and molecular. Discussion the result of the whole plant extracts ofgrewia optiva showed that nhexane, methanolic and nbuoh fractions contain a greater proportion by mass. Isolation, pharmacological evaluation and molecular docking studies of bioactive compounds from grewia optiva wasim ul bari,1 mohammad zahoor,1 alam zeb,2 muhammad umar khayam sahibzada,3 riaz ullah,4 abdelaaty a shahat,4,5 hafiz majid mahmood,6 irfan khan11department of chemistry, university of malakand, dir lower, chakdara, kpk 18800, pakistan. About 23rd of the cultivated area of garhwal is rainfed and wheat triticum aestivum is the predominant food grain crop cultivated on the sloppy terraces in combination of g. Grewia optiva pdf bihul is a small to mediumsized deciduous tree, m in height.
It is a tree of 12m height, found in deciduous forests of india, srilanka, pakistan, thiland, china and phillipines. A comparative study on functionalization of cellulosic. Grewia optiva is one of the most important fodder trees of northwestern and central himalayas. Pdf mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of. Grewia optiva fiber reinforced novel, low cost polymer. The bark is thick and roughish, peeling in small woody scales. Two drops of potassium cyanide solution was added and solution was immediately. Optiva mucilage gum were relatively bigger and harder than the ones obtained with starch.
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